Part 1: The Spark. 1936 December 6

PART I: The Spark

Historical notes from the author:

Mary Martha Willis was born in April 1914.  I believe she left home shortly after graduating from Wheaton Central High School in about 1932 and was married to William Kennedy in about 1935.  Afterwards they lived in Pasadena, CA.

Cyrus “Buddy” Stafford was born in May 1916. He went to Purdue University to study Engineering in 1935, after graduating from Glenbard Township High School in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.

January 19, 1913, Richard M. Nixon was born.

In 1916, Albert Einstein published, in final form, his ground-breaking Theory of General Relativity.

On May 29, 1917, John F. Kennedy was born.

World War I officially ended on November 11, 1918.  “The Great War” or “The War to end all Wars” resulted in approximately 17 million dead and 20 million wounded.

During 1918-1919, an influenza pandemic across the globe result in the death of between 20 million and 40 million people.

The American prohibition on the sale of alcohol began in 1920 and would continue until its repeal in 1933.

November 20, 1925, Robert F. Kennedy was born.

July 4, 1926:  The “Hitler Youth” organization is formed as part of Hitler’s plan to raise a generation of dedicated supporters of the Nazi party.

August 6, 1928, iconic modern artist Andy Warhol was born.

January 15, 1929, Martin Luther King, Jr. was born.

October 29, 1929 marked the end of the “Roaring 20’s” and the beginning of The Great Depression, which would last until 1939.

1932-1933:  Stalin, in an effort for force Ukraine to join the Soviet system of collective farms, deports the most successful farmers as well as intellectual and cultural leaders.  He then creates production quotas that can’t be met.  This results in “Holodomor” or man-made famine.  At least 4 million people in Ukraine die of starvation.  See: http://www.holodomorct.org/history.html.

March 22, 1933:  Nazi Germany establishes the first concentration camp at Dachau.

In 1933-34, Chicago hosted the World’s Fair with its theme, “A Century of Progress”.

 

 

 

 

 

 

On January 8, 1935, Elvis Presley was born.  He would grow up to be a pioneer in the rock & roll music world, propelling this new genre into the limelight.  Music hungry teens were thrilled and their parents were terrified.  Many still refer to him as “The King of Rock & Roll”.

June 2, 1935:  Babe Ruth retires from baseball.

September 5, 1935The Third Reich releases the film, “The Triumph of the Will”, considered to be one of the most innovative and effective propaganda films of all time.  The film celebrates Hitler’s consolidation of power as the supreme leader of Germany and parades the legions of followers and formidable might of the military for all the world to see.

 

 

 

 

 

 

1936:  Amelia Earhart was a consultant and technical advisor in the Purdue Department of Aeronautics, and she worked to increase female student enrollment.  She also did research and preparations for her upcoming attempt to fly around the world.

On August 14, 1936, the last public execution in America was conducted in Owensboro, Ky.

In August 1936, the Olympics were held in Nazi Germany.

Editor’s noteI will periodically post a scanned version of the original letter so that the reader is reminded of where the source material comes from and to enhance the experience of authenticity.  The transcribed version of the letter will follow immediately after the original.

THE LETTERS

12/6/36

Dear Charley:*
Today is Sunday, and I so I slept late. Instead of getting up at 5 o’clock, I got up at half past five.
Boy what a dream! I thought I was chasing Kangaroos out in Happy Hollow. Happy Hollow is a place near here that is composed of lots of hills, gullies, trees, underbrush, and rocky stream beds. Finally, I caught one of the dizzy critters. And it had a license tag on a collar around its neck! So I took it to the police station to see who it belonged to, and while trying to wake up the night sergeant, the kangaroo bit me. I woke up and found that a couple of cuts and burns I’ve accumulated in the laboratory were hurting. I don’t know why I should dream of kangaroos, unless it is that Richard Graves spent most of yesterday evening asking me about them.
I had dinner over at Dr. Grave’s again yesterday evening. Dr. Graves was up in Michigan, so that left Mrs. Graves, Margaret, Richard, and Bruce. The latter is almost as nertz as you used to be when you were 8 years old. After supper, we decided to make peanut brittle. Of course, Mrs. Graves and I had to do most of the making, because even Margaret, who is about 15, didn’t know much about it. Don’t ask me where I learned to make peanut brittle, it must have been in a lab someplace. But I did know how and it was pretty good. We also made two kinds of cookies, which will be saved until Xmas. Never knew your Buddy was a cook too did you? Boy, you learn some peculiar things in college. When we finished cooking, we listened to the radio for a while, and then I came on home.

Armory Building, Purdue University Lafayette, IN (From Purdue photo archives)

Last Tuesday, as I was walking over to the Armory for my military class, I saw a bunch of people standing out in front of one of the houses next to the campus. I went over to investigate, and found that the roof of the house was on fire. It wasn’t burning very badly, but it was a shingle roof, and was getting worse every minute. I went up to the house, and found that nobody was home. So I went next door, and asked them to call the fire department. They said that they had called them already, but that they were out at another fire. So I told them to call the fire department on the other side of town. Then I took another look at the fire. It was getting worse, but still looked like it was small enough to put out by beating on it with my hands, and as I had gloves, I decided to try it.
Two other fellows had the same idea, and we all climbed up on the roof, and went to work. We put the fire out in a couple of minutes, and then decided to wait for the fire department to get us down. It wasn’t hard climbing up on the roof, but we probably would have broken our necks getting down. So the three of us sat up on top of the roof, and watched all the people passing. Boy you should have seen the expressions on their faces. I guess it isn’t customary for three men in monkey suits to sit on top of the roof when it’s as cold as it was that morning. Finally, one of the fire-trucks pulled up with one man on it. He took about five minutes getting ladders strung up so he could get onto the roof, and then brought one of those chemical fire-extinguishers up. It wasn’t needed. He didn’t know how to operate the thing, so we showed him how. About that time, the rest of the department got there. Then this one dope started telling the other firemen how he had put out the fire. It disgustipated me so much that we scrammed on to school. I got to military class looking like I had been through a war. The captain came down the line inspecting us. When he got to me, he looked at me and my name plate and asked me how the other fellow looked. Thought I had been in a fight. I explained and he didn’t give me any demerits for it.
It’s been quite cool here, and it has rained and snowed off and on all week. The rain froze to the sidewalk. But I can see by the reflection of the streetlight that most of it has melted during the night, and the sidewalks and streets are wet. Of course, the sun hasn’t come up yet, and won’t be up for another hour. I think I’ve seen the sun rise every morning for the past two months.
One of the country fellows at school here was walking over the Lafayette City Dump. He came across a bunch of evaporated milk cans and said, “Ooooo–, a cow’s nest!”
Well, Chuck, I have an awful lot of studying to do, and some papers to grade for one of the instructors, and 200 pages of a book to read, so I think I better stop. Think of me up here freezing to death this winter, while you’re getting sun tanned down there.
Love Buddy

*”Charley” is Charles F. Sharrard, Jr., my father, and his mother, Nena Sharrard,  was Buddy’s older sister.  Nena separated from her husband, Charles F. Sharrard, Sr.,  just a few months after Charles Jr. was born.  She left Wheeling, W. Va. and moved to 335 Montclair Ave. in Glen Ellyn to live with her parents and her brother.  My dad spent his early childhood with his uncle “Buddy” who was like a big brother to him. 

In 1936, Nena took a job at a small resort in Coolidge, Az. and my dad, age 10, stayed with her there until they returned in April 1937.  Nena’s parents had just moved to an apartment in Oak Park, IL at that time.

Charles F. Sharrard, Jr. and his mother, Nena M. (Stafford) Sharrard
Charles F. Sharrard, Jr. and “JB” a school friend in Arizona
Charles F. Sharrard, Jr. Arizona

From “My Life. . . My Way”, Charles F. Sharrard, Jr, Book One, p. 13, 15:

Buddy was my uncle, my mother’s “little brother,” and most of all, my idol.  He stood about 5’10”, was handsome, lithe, and muscular, with a strong brow line and penetrating eyes that could look playful or flash anger as the situation demanded.  Only ten years older than I, he was like a big brother, but the ten year difference also left him little time to play with me.  Yet, when he did, he showed a genuine affection for me that I never forgot.

When I was five, Buddy was a sophomore in high school, doing all the things high school kids did in those days–going to school functions, being active in sports (the track team), studying hard, always moving at a fast clip, and rapidly showing signs of being the family genius.  Before Buddy had finished high school, he was writing articles for Electrical Engineering [sic “Radio”] magazine on a regular basis and entered Purdue University on scholarship.  He was on his way to greatness.

Buddy had a fine mind and a good set of hands as well.  His electronics pursuit started with a crystal radio set, which he made from scratch.  Following this, he built one set after another, each one bigger and more powerful than the last.  As a ham radio operator, he made contacts all over the western hemisphere.  His call letters were W9KWP and one of my great pastimes was going through the various cards from his contacts in all those far away countries.  During his involvement with ham radio, he taught me Morse Code, which we would use in tests of his equipment between the second story and the basement of the house.  Not a very long distance but might exciting to me!

Buddy had a close friend, Johnny Huntoon, who was another ham operator in Glen Ellyn.  On weekends they’d pack up all their equipment, headphones, etc. and a tent.  Their destination was Cowpasture Hill, the highest point in our area, where the reception would be especially good.  Some of those nights, during electrical storms, Grandfather paced the floor for hours worrying if they were okay.

1936 December 20 “Cow Pasture Hill”

12/20/36

Dear Charley:

Thanks for the letter.  I’m sorry I didn’t get to write sooner, but I’ve been quite busy, as usual.

You would get sick again.  I guess the main reason I don’t seem to get sick is that I’m too busy to notice it when I do.  Paul told me today that I had a cold for two weeks now, and I didn’t realize it until he told me.  It seems to have parked itself in my chest, and now I have a cough just like grandfather has.  Makes me right homesick to hear myself cough, hi.

My room-mate, Paul, didn’t go home this Christmas either.  He has a job over at the Purdue cow barn, feeding the brutes.  All the rest of the students went home yesterday, most of them leaving as soon as classes were dismissed at noon.  The town is certainly quiet and peaceful.  Most of the restaurants have closed for the holidays.

Paul and I bought a bunch of groceries today, and are planning on fixing our own lunches for the rest of the vacation.  It has finally gotten cold enough so that we can use the window-sill for an ice box, and keep things quite well.  We even have snow all over the ground.  In case you have forgotten what snow is, it is that funny white stuff that falls instead of rain, up in the North country where your Buddy lives.  We fixed up sandwiches with peanut butter, liver sausage, and cheese, and had tomato juice to drink.  We didn’t have a knife to spread things on with, so we used my letter opener.  Then we each had an apple.  If we didn’t make any mistakes in our calculations, our lunches will only cost us about 15 cents each while it would cost us over 30 cents to get the same things in a café.

This afternoon, since I didn’t have any studying to do for tomorrow (classes were over Saturday), I went out to the barn with Paul and watched him work.  The only thing I know about cows is that they get in the way at Cow Pasture Hill*, so I was quite interested to see how they fed and cared for them.  The school has everything from a week-old calf to full grown cows out there.  They are all ultra-special thoroughbreds etc.  I had on my big mittens, and one of the calves sucked on the thumb of it for some time before it got disgusted and gave up the quest for moo-juice.

Paul and another man had a swell time trying to chase the dizzy critters into their respective stalls for feeding.  The older animals knew just where they belonged, though, and walked right into place.

Cows are funny things.  You feed black and brown cows on colorless water, brown hay or green grass, in red barns, and get white milk out of them.  It’s too deep for me to explain.

They sure have it down to a system here.  Most of the engineers spend a good part of their time designing automatic gadgets to help the dairy husbandry department, who in turn feed the engineers on good milk and butter so as to get better ideas.  I have a swell idea along that line, but I don’t think they will like it.  As I previously mentioned, the cows know which stall to run into.  They use electric milking machines now.  The trouble is that a man has to put on and take off the machines.  Now with my system, as soon as the cow walks into the stall, the milking machine will reach up and grab on.  It will automatically start milking as soon as it attaches itself properly.  At the same time the cow will start eating.  The feeding bin will be arranged so that as soon as the cow has emptied it, it will shut off the milker and remove the gadgets.  You then put in as much food as the cow can eat in the time that it takes the cow to get milked.  Then the cows practically milk themselves!

I went to a show last night with Paul Reedy’s wife, Nona.  She and Paul and I have been going to shows together every Sunday all year.  Paul had to go away to Indianapolis yesterday, and we were both lonesome as heck.  She was without her husband and I was without one of my best friends.  He is one of the instructors in the electrical engineering department.  But since I had promised Paul to drop in on her so she wouldn’t get lonesome, I didn’t feel so badly about out with another man’s wife, hi.  We went Dutch treats, of course.

We saw a show in which Zasu Pitts, the gal with the windmill hands, played the part of a detective.  It was quite funny.  She had to do all sorts of wild things, and she was scared stiff.  We also saw another picture (double feature stuff) of Daniel Boone.  It would have been ok, except that Daniel Boone was fat and sloppy, like a butcher or barkeep, and it looked somewhat ridiculous.**

Well, Charley, I wish I could send you something more than a letter for Xmas, but I can’t finance it.  Give Sis a big kiss for me, and I’ll try to drop in on you some time in the next six months.

Love Buddy

**[Author’s note:  I believe the movies referred to are “The Plot Thickens”, starring Zasu Pitts and “Daniel Boone” starring George O’Brien, 1936]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

** “Cow Pasture Hill” was a place in Glen Ellyn where Buddy and his fellow Ham Radio operators would experiment with their equipment, presumably because of the elevation.  Here are four photos from their first trip to the hill in the Spring of 1933.  Also pictured are John Huntoon (w9kjy), Junie Valette (w9mci) and Jim Wilson (w9buk).  Car was Junie Valette’s Ford.

 

 

 

1937 February 10 “There’s no way like the American Way”

Author’s historical note:  On January 20, 1937, FDR was inaugurated for his second term as President of the United States.  After a year of political disintegration in Spain, the first major offensive of the Spanish Civil War is launched by Franco in February, 1937.

2/10/37

Dear Charley,

Don’t you owe me a letter?  There’s no point in this business of me writing all of them.

Buddy sweeping snow off tower

The enclosed picture will give you an idea of the kind of weather we have up here.  The picture was taken about two weeks ago, and the temperature was about zero.  That white stuff you see all over the ground is snow, in case you’ve forgotten.

The ground is about 30 feet below me, and there is a stiff wind trying to blow me overboard, but it didn’t succeed.  Last week, we had to move all the straw and put that big frame-work to the left where the straw is in the picture.  They gave me ten men to do the job, so it wasn’t hard.

But Indiana weather isn’t always cold.  It keeps you guessing just what it will do.  Two days ago, I was working in the same place, and it was so warm, I had to take my shirt off!  And this morning, the temperature is again zero.  The picture is on top of the Purdue Airport Hanger, and due to its height, a strong wind is usually blowing.  That wire diagonally across the center of the picture is not an aerial, but a guy-wire to keep the frame-work from blowing overboard.  Although this frame weighs nearly a ton, the wind gets so strong that it would blow it off the roof if it were not tied down.  Even when tied, it will shimmy like heck when a strong wind hits it.

How’s school?  I’m not going to school any more, but I have to study nevertheless.  Ask your mother for an explanation of this phenomena.  She should have a copy of my explanation to the folks, as I asked them to forward it to her.  If she hasn’t received it yet, let me know.

Famous image of African American flood victims lined up to get food and clothing at Red Cross relief station in front of billboard ironically extolling “World’s highest standard of living. There’s no way like the American way”. Original title of the picture: “The Louisville Flood”.*

I wonder if Aunt Sissy** was in the flood in Louisville?*** I’ll bet she was, because they needed all the nurses they could get to take care of the sick people.  They sent about half a dozen nurses down there from here.  They almost sent me down there as a truck driver with the R.O.T.C., but I guess they didn’t need us or something.  Imagine me as a truck driver.

Purdue R.O.T.C. photo from archives

Well, Charley, I have to study for three hours, eat lunch, work for four hours, and then study for four more.  So I think I better close.  Drop me a line when you can, and don’t let that arithmetic get you.  It almost got me last semester, but I fooled it.  The best way to learn arithmetic is to do a lot of problems, even if it means doing more problems than the teacher assigns.

Love, Buddy.

*See: http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/there-no-way-like-american-way-1937/

**Emma Stafford, Buddy’s sister; nicknames for her included “Sissy” and “Jack”.  She was a nurse and lived with the Cheshires, a well-to-do family in Louisville.  They had a daughter who was mentally retarded and Emma helped care for her.

Emma Stafford (a/k/a “Aunt Sissy” or “Jack”) 1937

***From January 18 to February 5, 1937,  the great Ohio River Flood left more than one million people homeless.

1937 May to August Field Tests Atop Silo

Editor’s notes: 

On April 12, 1937, Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft at Rugby, England.

In April of 1937, my father (Charles) and his mother returned from Coolidge, Arizona to Oak Park, Illinois to resume living with Cyrus and Laura Stafford. 

From Wikipedia:  “The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, as the German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. Of the 97 people on board (36 passengers and 61 crewmen), there were 35 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen). One worker on the ground was also killed, raising the final death toll to 36.”

ADVANCE FOR SUNDAY AUG. 22–FILE–This photo, taken during the initial explosion of the Hindenburg, shows the 804-foot German zeppelin just before subsequent explosions sent the ship crashing to the ground at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Lakehurst, N.J., May 6, 1937. The roaring flames silhouette two men, at right atop the mooring mast, dangerously close to the blasts. The scene stimulated NBC radio broadcaster Herbert Morrison to give a memorable and highly emotion account of the disaster. (AP Photo/Philadelphia Public Ledger, HO)

In May, before he finished his classes, Buddy and a couple of his friends took photos of one of their radio field experiments. The photos below are from Buddy’s photo album.  His caption reads:

“May 1937—Sunday Field Tests on 5m with w9clh, staged on top of silo on Purdue Farm north of Lafayette.  V antenna line up with my guts and a transit (proj. 44).  Had to rope myself on to get it measured.  Other equipment furnished by Sam (9tjb).  Photographs by 9ozs (Adams).  1. Soldering a connection on the antenna.  2.  Sam scolding Adams for walking around the edge of the silo to get the picture.  3.  Sam laughing at the remark Adams made in return.  Results of tests:  Tired, hungry, no signals.”

1. Soldering a connection on the antenna
2. Sam scolding Adams for walking around the edge of the silo to get the picture.
3. Sam laughing at the remark Adams made in return.

On May 26, 1937, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge opens

In the summer, after he finished school, Buddy returned to Oak Park for a summer job at John E. Fast Condensers Co.  He also found time to be the swim camp director.

1937 Freshman Swim Camp Director–Buddy is 2nd from left, front row

Also that summer, at Buddy’s invitation, dad went to Indiana to spend ten days at a boy’s summer camp called Camp Tecumseh.  Richard Graves, the brother of Buddy’s girlfriend, Margaret, was also at the camp, ostensibly to help keep an eye on dad, but it turned out that Richard was more of an instigator than a mentor.  Dad survived the camp and got to ride the train back to Chicago with Buddy and three of his college friends.

July 5, 1937, Hormel Foods introduces “Spam” to the market.

July 15, 1937, Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens.

August 2, 1937, Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, essentially rendering marijuana and all its by-products illegal.

1937 November 5 Margaret

Editor’s note: On July 2, 1937, Amelia Earhart disappeared during her attempted transcontinental flight. The Empire of Japan invaded China in August, 1937. Buddy was dating Margaret Graves, the daughter of Dr. Graves, one of the Purdue faculty members.

11/5/37

Dear Marty,
I realize that it’s bad business answering a married woman’s letter a day after it is received, but if I don’t answer it now, I won’t be able to for over a week. I certainly do manage to get sowed up in a lot of things.
As concerns holding out on you, you should know better. I wasn’t holding out, I was trying to restrain myself so as not to make the kind of darned fool of myself that I did in 1936. It seems that in my old age I’m getting scared that I won’t be able to make the grade later, or something, and I’m subject to going ga-ga on the slightest provocation. Seriously though, I had dates with the gals for six months before I broke down and admitted how nuts I was. She isn’t the fragile type that I’ve usually gone with, but is quite robust and healthy. Strange as it may sound, I’ve had a couple of orthodox wrestling matches with her, and I have my hands full to down her. We fight like cats and dogs all day, but darkness has a quieting effect or something. This set-up is built on a more solid background than any I’ve ever had.
I passed on your little bits of advice, and she says to thank you for them. Her last name is Graves. She likes my hair-cut, but also would like to see what it looks like in a little more quantity. It is yet short enough that if it were five times as long, it wouldn’t be able to hang in my eyes. Boy, this state has me laughing. Up home, I was just passably good looking or a little less. But down here I’ve been told I was good-looking so frequently that I’m almost to the point of believing it. Well, it takes more than a dozen none-too-smart local gals to convince me of that. After all, I do look at myself in the mirror when I shave, and you can’t convince me I’m anything but homely. Maybe it’s my money they’re after!
That’s a dirty shame about your glasses. I’ve been having woe also. I have broken mine twice since September. My eyes are apparently getting worse, because I honestly can’t distinguish things without them when I’m tired.
Glad to hear that you two are getting about a bit. Your house inspection reminds me that I haven’t anything to drink since August. I’ve been too damned busy to miss it. This time last year, I was a first class drunkard. I got plotched about every Saturday night. But I’m the only fellow in the gang who didn’t flunk out of school! Oh, well I guess they couldn’t take it.
The speedwriting is fine stuff from all reports I’ve heard. But I doubt if they would be very useful in college. Most of the notes I take build up in outline form. The instructor says about 5 or 10 sentences about a given topic, and I condense this into one sentence. The difference between good college note-taking, and stenographic note taking is that the latter has to be verbatim, and the former has to be in outline form, and the note-taker must have the ability to analyze the content of a paragraph on first hearing and not after cogitating on the matter. Up to date, I have 22 pages of history notes, about 30 pages of mimeographed sheets which the instructor passed out, and we have covered about 300 pages of text material. We had a test yesterday and I wrote 9 pages of long-hand in an hour’s time. I wrote seven pages on the first one, and didn’t have a single mistake in either history or grammar.
Heard Phil Thomas of Westinghouse give a demonstration lecture a few nights ago. I suppose I should call him Doctor Thomas, because he has his Ph.D., but he is a close friend of my cousin (for whom I used to work) and I’ve heard of him as Phil ever since I was 8 years old. I went up and talked to the boy for a few minutes afterward. He showed a cannon ball (rubber) in flight so that it looked like it was standing still instead of traveling at 250 mph. Also showed a number of other interesting and spectacular exhibits like making a rotating motor appear to stand still, taking all of the particles out of smoke so that it came out clear like air, lifting a 20 lb. iron bar with a magnet about the size of your hand, and a burglar alarm which operated from invisible light.

Purdue Memorial Union Browsing Room 1937

Well, Marty, I have to leave for class in an hour, and I have much to be studied in the interim. No matter how much I study, I seem to get the same grades and stay about the same amount behind all of the time. Incidentally, I flunked a mechanics test yesterday. They asked me to calculate how had I’d have to push on the brakes of a car to stop it under a certain condition. How the heck should I know, I don’t have a car!
Take it easy, kid. It’s snowing here. Great big flakes which are half rain and melt when they hit.
73*  Cy

*radiotelegraph abbreviation for “best regards”

A thanksgiving memory from “My Life. . . My Way”, Charles F. Sharrard, Jr., Book One, p. 73:

The Thanksgiving meal far and away surpassed the normal fare for a Depression family.  For, if corners were cut on daily meals, nothing was spared on Thanksgiving Day!

Our dinner, according to family tradition, was served between 1:30 and 2 p.m., just far enough off the noontime routine to make everyone ravenous.  All family members dressed in their finest and, after the usual blessing was said, Grandfather rose at the head of the table to struggle bravely with the carving of the turkey, while the rest of us drooled expectantly.  These were times when Buddy and I went into our pun routine.  I’d say, “Please pass the butter, Buddy,” and he’d reply, “Eat your bread.  It tastes butter without it!”

Then I’d say, “That’s corny.”

To which he’d answer, “Goes against your grain, huh?”

And on and on. . . even Grandfather would be chuckling after a while.